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Two Basic Bootstrap Pages

The following example shows the code for a basic Bootstrap page (with a responsive fixed width container):

Example

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=»en»><head>  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>  <meta charset=»utf-8″>  <meta name=»viewport» content=»width=device-width, initial-scale=1″>  <link rel=»stylesheet» href=»https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css»>
 
<script src=»https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js»></script>
 
<script src=»https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js»></script>
</head><body><div class=»container»>  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>  <p>This is some text.</p> </div></body></html>

The following example shows the code for a basic Bootstrap page (with a full width container):

Example

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=»en»><head>  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>  <meta charset=»utf-8″>  <meta name=»viewport» content=»width=device-width, initial-scale=1″>  <link rel=»stylesheet» href=»https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css»>
  <script src=»https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js»></script>
 
<script src=»https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js»></script></head><body><div class=»container-fluid»>  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>  <p>This is some text.</p> </div></body></html>

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Quick start

Looking to quickly add Bootstrap to your project? Use BootstrapCDN, provided for free by the folks at MaxCDN. Using a package manager or need to download the source files? Head to the downloads page.

JS

Many of our components require the use of JavaScript to function. Specifically, they require jQuery, Popper.js, and our own JavaScript plugins. Place the following s near the end of your pages, right before the closing tag, to enable them. jQuery must come first, then Popper.js, and then our JavaScript plugins.

We use jQuery’s slim build, but the full version is also supported.

Curious which components explicitly require jQuery, our JS, and Popper.js? Click the show components link below. If you’re at all unsure about the general page structure, keep reading for an example page template.

Show components requiring JavaScript

  • Alerts for dismissing
  • Buttons for toggling states and checkbox/radio functionality
  • Carousel for all slide behaviors, controls, and indicators
  • Collapse for toggling visibility of content
  • Dropdowns for displaying and positioning (also requires Popper.js)
  • Modals for displaying, positioning, and scroll behavior
  • Navbar for extending our Collapse plugin to implement responsive behavior
  • Tooltips and popovers for displaying and positioning (also requires Popper.js)
  • Scrollspy for scroll behavior and navigation updates

Community

Stay up to date on the development of Bootstrap and reach out to the community with these helpful resources.

  • Follow @getbootstrap on Twitter.
  • Read and subscribe to The Official Bootstrap Blog.
  • Join the official Slack room.
  • Chat with fellow Bootstrappers in IRC. On the server, in the channel.
  • Implementation help may be found at Stack Overflow (tagged ).
  • Developers should use the keyword on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.

You can also follow @getbootstrap on Twitter for the latest gossip and awesome music videos.

Альбомный вид в Ворд 2010 и 2013

Create First Web Page With Bootstrap

1. Add the HTML5 doctype

Bootstrap uses HTML elements and CSS properties that require
the HTML5 doctype.

Always include the HTML5 doctype at the beginning of
the page, along with the lang attribute and the correct character set:

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=»en»>  <head>    <meta charset=»utf-8″>   </head></html>

2. Bootstrap 3 is mobile-first

Bootstrap 3 is designed to be responsive to mobile devices. Mobile-first styles are
part of the core framework.

To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, add the following tag inside the
element:

<meta name=»viewport» content=»width=device-width, initial-scale=1″>

The part sets the width of the page to follow the screen-width
of the device (which will vary depending on the device).

The part sets the initial zoom level when the page is first loaded
by the browser.

3. Containers

Bootstrap also requires a containing element to wrap site contents.

There are two container classes to choose from:

  1. The class provides a responsive fixed width container
  2. The class provides a full width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport

.container

.container-fluid

Заводские Android браузеры

Из коробки, Android 4.1 (и даже некоторые новые версии) ставят приложение Браузера в качестве веб-браузера по умолчанию(в отличие от Chrome). К сожалению, стандартные браузеры имеют множество ошибок и несоответствий с CSS в целом.

Меню выбора

На элементе, в Android браузере не будет отображаться элементы управления если есть и/или . (Смотри этот вопросы на StackOverflow более детально.) Используйте фрагмент кода ниже, чтобы удалить этот CSS и сделать элемент без стиля на Android браузере. Избегать недовольство юзера помогает использование браузеров: Chrome, Safari и Mozilla.

Хотите увидеть пример? Проверьте это JS Bin demo.

Button plugin

Do more with buttons. Control button states or create groups of buttons for more components like toolbars.

Toggle states

Add to toggle a button’s state. If you’re pre-toggling a button, you must manually add the class and to the .

Single toggle

Checkbox and radio buttons

Bootstrap’s styles can be applied to other elements, such as s, to provide checkbox or radio style button toggling. Add to a containing those modified buttons to enable their toggling behavior via JavaScript and add to style the s within your buttons. Note that you can create single input-powered buttons or groups of them.

The checked state for these buttons is only updated via event on the button. If you use another method to update the input—e.g., with or by manually applying the input’s property—you’ll need to toggle on the manually.

Note that pre-checked buttons require you to manually add the class to the input’s .

Checked

Active

Radio

Radio

Methods

Method Description
Toggles push state. Gives the button the appearance that it has been activated.
Destroys an element’s button.

Internet Explorer 8 и Respond.js

Примите во внимание следующие оговорки, при использовании Respond.js в вашей среде разработки, в рабочей среде Internet Explorer 8

Respond.js и кросс-доменный CSS

Если вы храните Respond.js и CSS на разных (суб)доменах (например, на CDN) — это требует некоторых дополнительных установок. для уточнений.

Respond.js и

Через правила безопасности браузера, Respond.js не работает при просмотре через протокол (например, когда вы открываете HTML файл локально). Чтобы протестировать настройки чувствительности в IE8, просматривайте ваши страницы через HTTP(S). для уточнений.

Respond.js и

Respond.js не работает с CSS, на которые ссылаются как . В частности, некоторые конфигурации Drupal, как известно, используют . для уточнений.

Source files

Community

Stay up to date on the development of Bootstrap and reach out to the community with these helpful resources.

  • Follow @getbootstrap on Twitter.
  • Read and subscribe to The Official Bootstrap Blog.
  • Join the official Slack room.
  • Chat with fellow Bootstrappers in IRC. On the server, in the channel.
  • Implementation help may be found at Stack Overflow (tagged ).
  • Developers should use the keyword on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.

You can also follow @getbootstrap on Twitter for the latest gossip and awesome music videos.

How it works

Bootstrap’s grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It’s built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together.

New to or unfamiliar with flexbox? for background, terminology, guidelines, and code snippets.

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our predefined grid classes. Those columns are centered in the page with the parent .

Breaking it down, here’s how it works:

  • Containers provide a means to center and horizontally pad your site’s contents. Use for a responsive pixel width or for across all viewport and device sizes.
  • Rows are wrappers for columns. Each column has horizontal (called a gutter) for controlling the space between them. This is then counteracted on the rows with negative margins. This way, all the content in your columns is visually aligned down the left side.
  • In a grid layout, content must be placed within columns and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
  • Thanks to flexbox, grid columns without a specified will automatically layout as equal width columns. For example, four instances of will each automatically be 25% wide from the small breakpoint and up. See the section for more examples.
  • Column classes indicate the number of columns you’d like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So, if you want three equal-width columns across, you can use .
  • Column s are set in percentages, so they’re always fluid and sized relative to their parent element.
  • Columns have horizontal to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the from rows and from columns with on the .
  • To make the grid responsive, there are five grid breakpoints, one for each : all breakpoints (extra small), small, medium, large, and extra large.
  • Grid breakpoints are based on minimum width media queries, meaning they apply to that one breakpoint and all those above it (e.g., applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices, but not the first breakpoint).
  • You can use predefined grid classes (like ) or for more semantic markup.

Be aware of the limitations and bugs around flexbox, like the .

Available styles

Change the style of s component with modifiers and utilities. Mix and match as needed, or build your own.

Horizontal alignment

Change the horizontal alignment of your nav with . By default, navs are left-aligned, but you can easily change them to center or right aligned.

Centered with :

Right-aligned with :

Vertical

Stack your navigation by changing the flex item direction with the utility. Need to stack them on some viewports but not others? Use the responsive versions (e.g., ).

As always, vertical navigation is possible without s, too.

Tabs

Takes the basic nav from above and adds the class to generate a tabbed interface. Use them to create tabbable regions with our .

Fill and justify

Force your ’s contents to extend the full available width one of two modifier classes. To proportionately fill all available space with your s, use . Notice that all horizontal space is occupied, but not every nav item has the same width.

When using a -based navigation, be sure to include on the anchors.

For equal-width elements, use . All horizontal space will be occupied by nav links, but unlike the above, every nav item will be the same width.

Similar to the example using a -based navigation, be sure to include on the anchors.

Quick start

Looking to quickly add Bootstrap to your project? Use BootstrapCDN, provided for free by the folks at StackPath. Using a package manager or need to download the source files? Head to the downloads page.

JS

Many of our components require the use of JavaScript to function. Specifically, they require jQuery, Popper.js, and our own JavaScript plugins. Place the following s near the end of your pages, right before the closing tag, to enable them. jQuery must come first, then Popper.js, and then our JavaScript plugins.

We use jQuery’s slim build, but the full version is also supported.

Curious which components explicitly require jQuery, our JS, and Popper.js? Click the show components link below. If you’re at all unsure about the general page structure, keep reading for an example page template.

Our and include Popper, but not jQuery. For more information about what’s included in Bootstrap, please see our section.

Show components requiring JavaScript

  • Alerts for dismissing
  • Buttons for toggling states and checkbox/radio functionality
  • Carousel for all slide behaviors, controls, and indicators
  • Collapse for toggling visibility of content
  • Dropdowns for displaying and positioning (also requires Popper.js)
  • Modals for displaying, positioning, and scroll behavior
  • Navbar for extending our Collapse plugin to implement responsive behavior
  • Tooltips and popovers for displaying and positioning (also requires Popper.js)
  • Scrollspy for scroll behavior and navigation updates

I. Начало работы

глава первая

Подключение и настройка

  • Что такое Bootstrap и зачем он нужен?

  • Подключение к сайту

  • Сборка проекта с помощью Gulp (Bootstrap 4)

  • Пользовательская сборка платформы (Bootstrap 3)

  • Настройка платформы с помощью переменных LESS (Bootstrap 3)

  • Варианты установки, сборка с помощью Grunt (Bootstrap 3)

  • Инструмент Bootlint (Средство для проверки бутстраповских страниц на корректность)

глава вторая

Создание макета

  • Адаптивный дизайн сайта. Что это и как его создать?
  • Элементы сетки и как их использовать для создания макета
  • Сетка (Bootstrap 3)
  • Изменение порядка следования адаптивных блоков в макете
    (Bootstrap 3)
  • Сетка (Bootstrap 4)
  • Основы создания адаптивно-фиксированного макета сайта
  • Создание адаптивно-резинового макета

  • Media object (медиа-объект)
  • Как создать фиксированный макет шириной 960px?

Настройка грид

Используя наш встроенного грид Sass переменные и карты, можно полностью настроить предопределенные грид классов. Изменение количества уровней, в медиа Размеры запроса и ширину контейнера—то перекомпилировать.

Столбцы и промежутки

Число грид столбцами и горизонтальными внутренний отступ (ака, промежутки) может быть изменен через Sass переменные. используется для создания ширины (в процентах) каждого отдельного столбца в то время как делятся поровну между и для водостоков колонки.

Грид уровней

Перемещение за пределы самих колонок, Вы также можете настроить количество грид уровнях. Если вы хотели всего лишь три грид уровней, вы бы обновление и Что-то вроде этого:

При внесении любых изменений в файл Sass переменные или карты, Вам необходимо сохранить изменения и перекомпилировать. Это будет совершенно новый набор предопределенных грид классы для ширины столбцов, смещение, толкает и тянет. Адаптивный ЖКХ видимости также будут обновлены, чтобы использовать пользовательские точки останова.

Example tabs

Add quick, dynamic tab functionality to transition through panes of local content, even via dropdown menus. Nested tabs are not supported.

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Как получить и вернуть средства?

Important globals

Bootstrap employs a handful of important global styles and settings that you’ll need to be aware of when using it, all of which are almost exclusively geared towards the normalization of cross browser styles. Let’s dive in.

HTML5 doctype

Bootstrap requires the use of the HTML5 doctype. Without it, you’ll see some funky incomplete styling, but including it shouldn’t cause any considerable hiccups.

Responsive meta tag

Bootstrap is developed mobile first, a strategy in which we optimize code for mobile devices first and then scale up components as necessary using CSS media queries. To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming for all devices, add the responsive viewport meta tag to your .

You can see an example of this in action in the .

Box-sizing

For more straightforward sizing in CSS, we switch the global value from to . This ensures does not affect the final computed width of an element, but it can cause problems with some third party software like Google Maps and Google Custom Search Engine.

On the rare occasion you need to override it, use something like the following:

With the above snippet, nested elements—including generated content via and —will all inherit the specified for that .

Learn more about box model and sizing at CSS Tricks.

Reboot

For improved cross-browser rendering, we use Reboot to correct inconsistencies across browsers and devices while providing slightly more opinionated resets to common HTML elements.

Как настроить микрофон в скайпе?

Иногда доступ к микрофону заблокирован настройками безопасности — чтобы исключить возможность управления микрофоном извне. По этой причине микрофон в скайпе может не работать . В «настройках звука» переходим в параметры конфиденциальности микрофона»:

Если это так — включаем доступ к микрофону:

Скайп считается классическим приложением. Поэтому эта программа должна быть в списке ниже. Включаем все настройки переключателями:

Если используйте скайп в браузере, то в списке должен быть и тот браузер, в котором у вас работает скайп. Теперь, когда мы установили доступ к микрофону, можно и самом скайпе выставить предпочитаемый микрофон через «Настройки»…

…а затем установить выключатель в положение » настроить микрофон автоматически»:

При успешной настройке вы увидите, как индикатор «громкости» микрофона меняется в такт Вашему голосу.

Responsive classes

Bootstrap’s grid includes five tiers of predefined classes for building complex responsive layouts. Customize the size of your columns on extra small, small, medium, large, or extra large devices however you see fit.

All breakpoints

For grids that are the same from the smallest of devices to the largest, use the and classes. Specify a numbered class when you need a particularly sized column; otherwise, feel free to stick to .

col
col
col
col

col-8
col-4

Stacked to horizontal

Using a single set of classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked before becoming horizontal with at the small breakpoint ().

col-sm-8
col-sm-4

col-sm
col-sm
col-sm

Mix and match

Don’t want your columns to simply stack in some grid tiers? Use a combination of different classes for each tier as needed. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.

.col-12 .col-md-8
.col-6 .col-md-4

.col-6 .col-md-4
.col-6 .col-md-4
.col-6 .col-md-4

.col-6
.col-6

Alignment

Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns.

Vertical alignment

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

One of three columns

Horizontal alignment

One of two columns

One of two columns

One of two columns

One of two columns

One of two columns

One of two columns

One of two columns

One of two columns

One of two columns

One of two columns

No gutters

The gutters between columns in our predefined grid classes can be removed with . This removes the negative s from and the horizontal from all immediate children columns.

Here’s the source code for creating these styles. Note that column overrides are scoped to only the first children columns and are targeted via attribute selector. While this generates a more specific selector, column padding can still be further customized with spacing utilities.

Need an edge-to-edge design? Drop the parent or .

In practice, here’s how it looks. Note you can continue to use this with all other predefined grid classes (including column widths, responsive tiers, reorders, and more).

.col-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
.col-6 .col-md-4

Column wrapping

If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.

.col-9
.col-4Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.
.col-6Subsequent columns continue along the new line.

Column breaks

Breaking columns to a new line in flexbox requires a small hack: add an element with wherever you want to wrap your columns to a new line. Normally this is accomplished with multiple s, but not every implementation method can account for this.

.col-6 .col-sm-3
.col-6 .col-sm-3

.col-6 .col-sm-3
.col-6 .col-sm-3

You may also apply this break at specific breakpoints with our responsive display utilities.

.col-6 .col-sm-4
.col-6 .col-sm-4

.col-6 .col-sm-4
.col-6 .col-sm-4

Какую версию Bootstrap выбрать?

Для разработки большинства веб-проектов лучше использовать последнюю версию Bootstrap. На текущий момент — это 4.5.3 (скачать).

Эта версия, как уже было отмечено выше, построена на CSS Flexbox. Она поддерживает последние, стабильные версии всех основных браузеров и платформ (включая Internet Explorer 10 — 11 и Microsoft Edge).

Если вам нужна поддержка более «старых» браузеров, например Internet Explorer 8 — 9, то в этом случае следует выбрать последнюю версию из 3 ветки этого фреймворка, т.е. 3.4.1 (скачать).

Компоненты Bootstrap 3 в Internet Explorer 8 и некоторых других версиях отображаются без градиентов, теней и закруглённых углов. Это связано с тем, что в них нет поддержки используемых для этих целей CSS3 свойств.

Следующий шаг в изучении Bootstrap, это его установка.

Видео как пользоваться Ускорителем Компьютера?

Как это работает

На высоком уровне, блочная система работает так:

  • Существует три основных компонента—контейнера, строки и столбцы.
  • Контейнеры— для фиксированной ширины или на полную ширину—центрирует содержание вашего сайта и помогает выровнять содержание блока.
  • «Rows» — горизонтальные группы столбцов, которые обеспечивают чтобы столбцы выстроились правильно.
  • Контент должен быть помещен в столбцах, и только колонки могут быть непосредственными потомками строк.
  • Классы столбце указано количество столбцов, которые вы хотите использовать из 12 возможных в ряду. Так что если вы хотите три равные ширины столбцов, нужно использовать .
  • Столбец устанавливаются в процентах, так они всегда изменчивый и размерами по отношению к родительскому элементу.
  • Столбцы имеют горизонтальную для создания промежутка между отдельными столбцами.
  • Есть пять грид уровней, по одному для каждой : сверхмалые, малые, средние, большие, и очень большие.
  • Грид уровни основываются на минимальной ширине, то есть они применяются к ярусу и всем, кто выше его (например, применим для малых, средних, больших, и очень больших устройств).
  • Вы можете использовать предопределенные грид классов или Sass примеси для более семантической разметки.

Звучит хорошо? Отлично, давайте перейдем посмотрев все это на примерах.

Horizontal

Add to change the layout of list group items from vertical to horizontal across all breakpoints. Alternatively, choose a responsive variant to make a list group horizontal starting at that breakpoint’s . Currently horizontal list groups cannot be combined with flush list groups.

ProTip: Want equal-width list group items when horizontal? Add to each list group item.

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  • Cras justo odio
  • Dapibus ac facilisis in
  • Morbi leo risus
  • Cras justo odio
  • Dapibus ac facilisis in
  • Morbi leo risus
  • Cras justo odio
  • Dapibus ac facilisis in
  • Morbi leo risus

Reordering

Order classes

Use classes for controlling the visual order of your content. These classes are responsive, so you can set the by breakpoint (e.g., ). Includes support for through across all five grid tiers.

First, but unordered

Second, but last

Third, but first

There are also responsive and classes that change the of an element by applying and (), respectively. These classes can also be intermixed with the numbered classes as needed.

First, but last

Second, but unordered

Third, but first

Offsetting columns

You can offset grid columns in two ways: our responsive grid classes and our margin utilities. Grid classes are sized to match columns while margins are more useful for quick layouts where the width of the offset is variable.

Offset classes

Move columns to the right using classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by columns. For example, moves over four columns.

.col-md-4
.col-md-4 .offset-md-4

.col-md-3 .offset-md-3
.col-md-3 .offset-md-3

.col-md-6 .offset-md-3

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets. See this in action in the grid example.

.col-sm-5 .col-md-6
.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0

.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .col-lg-6
.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0

Margin utilities

With the move to flexbox in v4, you can use margin utilities like to force sibling columns away from one another.

.col-md-4
.col-md-4 .ml-auto

.col-md-3 .ml-md-auto
.col-md-3 .ml-md-auto

.col-auto .mr-auto
.col-auto

Inline text elements

Styling for common inline HTML5 elements.

You can use the mark tag to highlight text.

This line of text is meant to be treated as deleted text.

This line of text is meant to be treated as no longer accurate.

This line of text will render as underlined

This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.

This line rendered as bold text.

This line rendered as italicized text.

and classes are also available to apply the same styles as and while avoiding any unwanted semantic implications that the tags would bring.

While not shown above, feel free to use and in HTML5. is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.

Доступные команды Grunt

(Просто собрать CSS и JavaScript)

Регенерирует каталог с скомпилированными и уменьшенными CSS и файлами JavaScript. Обычно для пользователя Bootstrap , это команда необходима.

(сборка и проверка документов активов)

Сборка и тестирование CSS, JavaScript, и прочих активов, которые используются при локальном использовании документации через .

(Построить абсолютно все и запустить тесты)

Компиляции and минифайлы CSS and JavaScript, строит сайт документаций, запускает HTML5 валидатор против документов, восстанавливает активы настройщика, и многое другое. Требует Jekyll. Обычно это необходимо, только если вы взломали сам загрузчик Bootstrap.

What is Bootstrap?

  • Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier web development
  • Bootstrap includes HTML and CSS based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, tables, navigation, modals, image carousels and many other, as well as optional JavaScript plugins
  • Bootstrap also gives you the ability to easily create responsive designs

What is Responsive Web Design?
Responsive web design is about creating web sites which automatically adjust
themselves to look good on all devices, from small phones to large desktops.

Bootstrap Example

<div class=»jumbotron text-center»>  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>  <p>Resize this responsive page to see the effect!</p> </div><div class=»container»>  <div class=»row»>
    <div class=»col-sm-4″>      <h3>Column 1</h3>      <p>Lorem ipsum
dolor..</p>    </div>    <div class=»col-sm-4″>      <h3>Column 2</h3>      <p>Lorem ipsum
dolor..</p>    </div>    <div class=»col-sm-4″>      <h3>Column 3</h3>       <p>Lorem ipsum
dolor..</p>    </div>  </div></div>

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